Children’s social media activity highlights emotional stress of living with long-term health issues

Children with multiple long-term health issues undergo severe emotional stress at the same time as they are trying to cope with the physical challenges of their condition, a study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders has found.

Research led by the University of Plymouth used AI language models to analyze sentiments and emotions expressed by almost 400 pediatric patients and their caregivers on social media. In particular, they wanted to assess young people’s opinions regarding their care and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact that had on their emotional and psychological well-being.

Using anonymous data sourced from the Care Opinion platform, they found that of the narratives analyzed, almost 94% of the comments posted were classed as negative and less than 6% were positive. More than six out of 10 negative comments were classed as being associated with sadness, with feelings of fear (at almost one in every six comments) also being prevalent.

Children with conditions such as cancer, asthma, chronic pain and mental health conditions showed particularly high emotional distress, highlighting the emotional burden of managing multiple long-term health issues.

The COVID-19 pandemic was also shown to exacerbate the negative sentiments, particularly sadness and disgust, with patients expressing frustration with the health care system while isolation and disrupted care routines triggered intense emotional responses.

And while just 6% of the comments were classed as positive, the study found that most of them related to effective communication, compassionate care, and successful treatment outcomes.

The researchers say the study highlights the importance of supporting vulnerable young patients managing complex medical conditions, and the need for integrated care approaches to both physical and emotional well-being.

This research was conceived and led by Professor of e-Health Shang-Ming Zhou, and its data analysis was implemented by MSc Data Science and Business Analytics student Temidayo (Israel) Oluwalade with support from Dr. Hossein Ahmadi in Plymouth’s Center for Health Technology, Dr. Richard Sharpe with Cornwall Council, and Professor Lin Huo with Guangxi University.

Professor Zhou, a recognized expert in the use of AI to analyze health data, said, “To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to analyze the sentiments and emotions of pediatric patients using social media data.

“Our findings bring to light the deeply emotional journey patients with multiple long-term health issues go through, fills a critical gap in knowledge for health care professionals and agencies.

“It also highlights the disproportionate emotional burden faced by pediatric patients with multiple health issues and their caregivers during the COVID pandemic, showing the need for targeted interventions to address emotional responses during public health emergencies.”

Israel Oluwalade, who graduated with a Distinction in 2024, added, “As I worked through the dataset, I was particularly struck by how clearly children’s emotional responses aligned with specific comorbidity patterns—for example, fear and sadness were especially dominant among those discussing multiple hospital visits or long-term medication.

“What also surprised me most was the unexpectedly high frequency of ‘satisfaction’ and ‘amazement’ in posts referencing kind staff or successful treatment episodes. It reminded me how digital expressions can reflect not only distress but also resilience and hope, even among young patients with complex conditions.”